Wrap Text
Declaration of maiden reserve at Rietberg Copper Mine and filing of mining viability report
Copper 360 Limited
(Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa)
Registration number 2021/609755/06
JSE Share Code: CPR ISIN: ZAE000318531
("Copper 360" or "the Company")
DECLARATION OF MAIDEN RESERVE AT RIETBERG COPPER MINE AND FILING OF MINING VIABILITY REPORT
Copper 360 Limited ("Copper 360" or "the Company") is pleased to announce the declaration of a maiden Reserve for the
Rietberg Copper Mine and filing of Mining Viability Study ("MVS").
Highlights:
• The declared Mineral Reserves at Rietberg is 2.48Mt at 1.38% Cu.
• Existing Broken Ore exists in numerous underground draw points, following post modelling and survey verification.
• Also included in the Mineral Reserve is a Crown Pillar section (94kt at 1.17% Cu) and the previously excluded
"fringe-ore" (500kt at 1.37% Cu), discovered along the sidewalls of the underground stope between 600 and 850
levels.
A detailed mining viability study and concomitant report was recently published. It includes the results of an investigation
into merging technical and commercial evaluations in order to gauge the viability of a Long-Term Operational Plan (LoM).
This plan outlines the development of vital infrastructure and forecasts the production capacity that will underpin future
mining endeavours.
The Mineral Resource document submitted last year in August 2023 is presented in the table below (shareholders are
referred to the regulatory release dated 13 September 2023).
Rietberg Mine Measured Indicated Inferred
Resource Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu
October 2022 1 139 729 2,22 27,275
August 2023 4 500 000 1,28 57 600 282 000 1,16 3 200 2 000 000 1,02 20 400
Rietberg Mine Measured & Indicated Total Resource
Resource Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu
October 2022 1 139 729 2,22 27 275
August 2023 4 782 000 1,27 60 800 6 782 000 1,20 81 200
Table 1: Table showing the August 2023 Mineral Resource for Rietberg Mine compared to the Mineral Resource stated in the Competent
Persons Report ('CPR') with effective date 31 October 2022. Numbers may not add up due to SAMREC guidance on rounding in terms of
Mineral Resource Reporting. The Resource is stated at a 0.75% Cu cut-off.
Findings from the MVS supported by additional modelling have required obligatory amendment to the Mineral Reserves and
Resources as presented below.
At 0.75% Cu Cut-off
Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu
Reserves (Proven & Probable) 2 480 900 1,38 34 300
At 0.75% Cu Cut-off
Tonnes % Cu Contained Cu
Resource (Measured & Indicated) 2 576 700 1.10 27 400
Resources (Inferred) 1 724 400 1.07 18 500
Table 2: Rietberg Reserve and Resource statement following feasibility study, effective date June 2024. Numbers may not add up due to
SAMREC guidance on rounding in terms of Mineral Resource Reporting. The Reserve and Resource are stated at a 0.75% Cu cut-off.
Approximately 50% of the previously declared Measured and Indicated Resource has been incorporated into the Life of Mine
Plan (LOMP). The LOMP design specifically focuses on "high grading" the Rietberg orebody while minimising dilution.
Significant to the change, is the discovery of broken ore within the draw points at the base of the historical stope. The
presence of these broken stocks has strategically influenced the mining schedule, enabling the early utilisation of these
resources.
Secondly, the Probable Reserve estimate now includes an additional 500,000 tonnes of "fringe-ore" (ore left behind along
the sidewalls of the stope from previous mining) with a grade of 1.37% copper. The spatial orientation of the ore deposit is
such that it surrounds the gloryhole in a spherical shape, extending downward from the crest of the mountain to the 850
level (referred to as skins), where it tapers off in two shrimp tail-like shapes below the 903 level.
Furthermore, the inclusion of a crown pillar block accessed via the 400 level, which refers to a block of high-grade ore
modelled for underground mining during the initial stoping programme, adds to our resource base. The crown pillar has an
estimated Proven Reserve of 94,000 tonnes with a grade of 1.17% copper.
Over the mine's lifespan, the all-in-sustaining unit cost (AISC) estimate amounts to R81 903 per tonne (equivalent to
US$4,427 per tonne) for copper contained in concentrate.
In conclusion, the Rietberg Mines Reserves have increased by approximately 50% of the previously declared Mineral
Resource (Measured and Indicated). As our engineers' confidence continues to improve, we anticipate further conversion of
inferred resources.
Remaining are resources classified as Rock Mechanic Exclusion Zones, which prohibit mining on the western side of the
underground void due to the presence of an inverted sidewall just below the crest. This exclusion results in an ore loss of
approximately 1.3 million tonnes from the potential mineable reserve, leaving 2.48 million tonnes (including void tonnage)
as the final mineable reserve. Considering these exclusions, the Run of Mine (ROM) tonnes comprise 72% of the total
mineable ore reserve. The required engineering to extract this portion of the ore is still in its conceptual design stage and is
expected to be completed as part of an independent study. Consequently, it has been excluded from the current resource
and reserve declaration.
The Company remains committed to advancing its extraction strategies and enhancing the value of our operations through
rigorous engineering and continuous improvement.
The Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources, upon which the mining plan and production targets are modelled, have been
expertly prepared by qualified professionals in strict compliance with the Alt-X JSE listing rules.
CEO of Copper 360, Jan Nelson, commented; "This mine study, marked a significant milestone in Copper 360's capacity and
our commitment to the mining in the Northern Cape, Post publication we now have the confidence to amend the R&R
statement to better represent our findings at the mine site. This in turn positions the company for a bright and promising
future as a copper producer in the sector. This study underlines Copper 360's dedication to responsible resource utilisation
and sustainable mining practices. Our inhouse team is expected to publish the Homeep East Mine viability study in H2 2024."
Statement on reasonable prospect of economic mineral extraction
• Mine design on Rietberg Mine is described in the CPR (Competent Persons Report, a copy of which is available on
the company website) and was the basis on which a cut-off of 0,75% was determined as measure of economic
viable extraction.
• Metallurgical test work has been completed and show recoveries of 90% through flotation (please refer to JSE SENS
release dated 4 July 2023).
• Copper 360 has acquired the Nama Copper flotation plant from Mazule that has a nameplate treatment capacity
of 25,000 tonnes per month.
• Underground mining commenced at the Rietberg Mine on 1 August 2024 with all required opening-up and support
work completed.
Aspect Status Competent Person's Reasonable & Appropriate Consideration
Geological Assumptions SAMREC compliant All aspects meet required and accepted criteria
Mining Engineering Mine Design Detailed Mine & Geotechnical Study in place / Mine opening underway
Legal Active Mining Licence No legal impendence
Infrastructure In place All infrastructure in place and in good working condition
Aspect Status Competent Person's Reasonable & Appropriate Consideration
Marketing In place Required offtake agreements in place
Socia-political Addressed All issues addressed and required Social & Labour Plan active
Economic Assumptions Viable Based in most cases on actual relevant operational metrics
Other None No other issues that would stop economic extraction
Table 3: Competent Person's short summary of application of appropriate consideration factors regarding eventual economic extraction of
Mineral Resource. The list only provides an overview as a guidance note to the reader in terms of those headline issues specified by SAMREC
code to show that due consideration has been given. For detail in this regard the reader is referred to the CPR dated 31 October 2022.
Locality
The Rietberg Mine is located within the northern portion of the mining right area, approximately 22km north of Springbok
close to the N7 towards Namibia.
Figure 1: Location of Rietberg Mine.
Geological Setting
The Rietberg Mine is located on the southern limb of the Ratelpoort Synform, the rocks regionally have a strike of N45°E and
dips to the north. Numerous north-south striking faults, structures and pegmatites are present. The orebody is located at
the intersection of a so-called ENE striking "Steep Structure".
The Rietberg Mine is stratigraphically situated within the younger Ratelpoort Quartzite and Schist succession at the top of
the O'Kiep Copper District Stratigraphic column.
Mineralisation
The Copper bearing minerals at Rietberg consist predominantly of Bornite and Chalcopyrite. It was found that a slight
increase in copper content exists towards the "footwall" of the mineralised body, i.e., bottom-loaded with the apparent
prevalence of Chalcopyrite over Bornite.
Geological and Mining Data
The Rietberg database consists primarily of surface and underground borehole data, these holes were drilled intermittently
from the 50's until 1980. Recently, all the underground holes were digitally captured and added to the database which
initially consisted primarily of surface borehole data.
The current database consists of:
1. 341 Surface holes
2. 672 Underground holes.
Approximately 33,323 assays are available and used for modelling and estimation purposes with 3,494 Relative Density
measurements were digitally captured and applied to the resource.
Four core surface twin holes were drilled and surveyed in early 2023 and exhibited excellent correlation to the historical
holes that were twinned.
Quality Control
No historical QAQC (Quality Assurance and Quality Control) data and/or reports are available for the historical drill holes and
associated assays. However, the O'Kiep Copper Company (OCC) followed industry best practises at the time of drilling. The
OCC also successfully mined a portion of the Rietberg deposit in the 1970 and 1980's confirming the initial resource
estimation based on primarily the surface drill holes prior to commencement of mining.
In contrast, during the 2023 twin drilling campaign, QAQC samples and assays were inserted into the sampling stream (1:10)
according to industry best practises and recommendations. The QAQC samples consisted of CRM's (Certified Reference
Material), Blanks and duplicates. Assays/results returned for these QAQC samples were found to be acceptable.
Resource Modelling
The wireframes used for Block Modelling, statistical analysis and resource estimation were done in-house by the Copper 360
geological team. Two wireframes were constructed based primarily and completed dictated by geology and mineralisation,
green and red respectively in figures 2 and 3.
Figure 2: Plan view showing the Rietberg Mine geological (green) and mineralisation (red) wireframes. The yellow blocks
represent Inferred resources.
Figure 3: SW-NE Longitudinal Section showing similar wireframes and block, also refer to Figure 2.
Statistical Analyses
The statistical analyses, variography, block modelling and resource estimation were done by Rock Ridge Consulting,
Vancouver Canada. The two wireframes previously described where used together with the clean database.
Statistical analyses were done two ways, (i) on the total mafic body and (ii) the mineralised shell.
Analysis was based on geologically hard coding boundaries. The drill hole data was composited over 1.5m intervals. The
histograms and composite statistics showed a "skewed" distribution for the Mafic Wireframe data, whereas the Mineralised
Wireframe enclosed data is generally more indicative of a normal distribution.
Coefficient plots indicate low CV's (Coefficient Variance) for both wireframes, and value cutting was not required.
Estimation Methodology
• Two block models were created, (i) one the Mafic Wireframe and (ii) one for the Mineralised Wireframe.
• The block sizes used were 4x4x2m with sub-blocking.
• The rotation of the blocks was also investigated but found to be of no additional benefit and therefore on rotation
was applied.
• Omni-directional variography was applied to the geological (mafic) wireframe and data, whereas directional
variography applied to the mineralisation wireframe and dataset. The mineralisation dataset showed strong down-
plunge anisotropy.
• In both cases Ordinary Kriging was used as estimation method.
Relative Density ("RD") Measurements
Although numerous RD measurements were historically taken, the methodology and application are unknown. It is evident,
that the RD varies and are determined by rock type and copper grade/content. The mafic/ultramafic rock types generally
have higher RD values than the Felsic (host/waste) rocks. The higher the copper grade and metal content, the higher the RD
values are as to be expected due to increased metal content.
For this resource estimation an average RD of 2.85 was applied to the ore blocks.
Mineral Reserve Classification
The economic cut-off of 0.75% was applied to convert the resource to reserve based on results from the Mine Viability Study
(MVS). The MVS outlines several economic criteria that were critical in determining this reserve cut-off.
The three primary economic criteria were applied to establish the most suitable reserve cut-off, namely costs, copper price
and then the recover factors
First, the cut-off grade, defined as the minimum grade at which material is economically viable to process, is influenced by a
variety of cost factors. These include operating costs such as mining, processing, and administrative expenses. Additionally,
capital costs, which cover infrastructure development and equipment procurement, play a significant role. The operating
costs are determined by the chosen mining method, which in this case is Long Hole Open Stoping (LHOS), known for its cost
efficiency and suitability for the orebody's geometry.
Revenue estimates are another key factor, primarily driven by the forecasted copper prices. The MVS uses a copper price
forecast to calculate potential revenue, adjusting for market fluctuations and economic conditions. Sensitivity analyses are
conducted to understand the impact of changes in copper prices on the project's financial viability. These analyses help in
assessing the robustness of the reserve cut-off grade against market volatility.
Lastly, metallurgical recovery rates, which determine the percentage of copper that can be extracted from the ore, are also
considered. Higher recovery rates improve the project's economics, allowing for a lower cut-off grade. The MVS includes
detailed metallurgical testing results to ensure accurate recovery estimates, contributing to a precise and economically
justified reserve cut-off.
Competent Persons Statement
The information in this report relating to exploration results and mineral resources is based on information compiled by Dr
Deon Vermaakt, a Competent Person who is a member of the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals
(SACNASP 400020/00. Dr Vermaakt is a consultant to Copper 360 and has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style
of mineralisation and type of deposit (more than 7 years) under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify
as a Competent Person as defined in the 2016 Edition of the SAMREC Code. Dr Vermaakt consents to the inclusion in this
announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information based on the MVS and economic cut-off was compiled by the Owners team from Copper 360, supported by
various qualified persons engaged as contractors and consultants. Each of these qualified individuals submitted independent
studies or examination reports, which are archived to support the findings contained in the MVS report
Below is the Qualified Persons associated appointed to the Owners Team.
Discipline Name Qualification Body QP#
Geology, Resource Deon Vermaakt PhD Geology SACNASP 400020100
and Variography
Mining Gordon Thompson Pr. Eng Mining ECSA 200890039
Compliance Jan Genis Nat. Dipl. Metal GGC Drill Mining 3049 DT
Mining 743/5549/74
Legal Jaco Olivier B. Juris LLB LPC 82615
Mine Scheduler Sergio Jones BSc Mining ECSA 2023206819
Geophysics Marius Stander Certificate in Chamber of Mines 103
Advanced Rock
Engineering
Ventilation Francois Graaf Certificate in Mine COM 468
Environmental
Control
Surveying Robin Kock Geomatics SAGC GPrPS1531
Professional
Engineering & Civils Mark Coetzee GCC Mechanical & DME 3410 5307
Electrical Engineering
Hydrology Stefan Denysschen BSc Hydrology & NWU 744960
Geohydrology
Process Engineering Jacolien Wyethe B.Eng. Chemical UP None
(Engelbrecht) Engineering
Finance Ferdinand Nel Chartered SAICA 08181652
Accountant
SAMREC Requirements in terms of Reserve Statement
Exploration Mineral Mineral Description
Results Resources Reserves
Section 1: Project Outline
1.1 Property (i) Brief description of the scope of project (i.e. A (2023 mining) feasibility study with a Life of Mine
Description whether in preliminary sampling, advanced plan for Rietberg has been completed.
exploration, scoping, pre-feasibility, or
feasibility phase, Life of Mine plan for an
ongoing mining operation or closure).
(ii) Describe (noting any conditions that may Rietberg deposit was historically mined, no additional
affect possible prospecting/mining footprint will be created.
activities) topography, elevation, drainage,
fauna and flora, the means and ease of Rietberg was an underground operation, ore was
access to the property, the proximity of the transported to Nababeep for processing, apart from
property to a population centre, and the some small oxide and waste dumps, surface
nature of transport, the climate, known disturbances are minimal.
associated climatic risks and the length of
the operating season and to the extent
relevant to the mineral project, the
sufficiency of surface rights for mining
operations including the availability and
sources of power, water, mining personnel,
potential tailings storage areas, potential
waste disposal areas, heap leach pad areas,
and potential processing plant sites.
(iii) Specify the details of the personal The Rietberg Mine was visited numerous times by the
inspection on the property by each CP or, if CPR. The 2023 twin drilling was designed and
applicable, the reason why a personal supervised by the CP.
inspection has not been completed.
1.2 Location (i) Description of location and map (country, Rietberg Mine is located within the northern of SHiP's
province, and closest town/city, coordinate MR application area. Rietberg Mine is accessible from
systems and ranges, etc.). the N7 (towards Steinkopf) via a good dirt road,
especially to the lower adits. The mine is also located
approximately 22km north of Springbok, Northern
Cape.
(ii) Country Profile: describe information Mining is governed by the MPRDA, Act 28 of 2002
pertaining to the project host country that which provides for the roles and functions of the DMR,
is pertinent to the project, including including the Minister of Mineral Resources. It
relevant applicable legislation, prescribes what processes must be followed to obtain
environmental and social context etc. the relevant permits to conduct reconnaissance,
Assess, at a high level, relevant technical, prospecting for minerals (other than petroleum
environmental, social, economic, political products) and mining.
and other key risks.
(iii) Provide a Provide a Provide a Provided in main text body. There are no known
general top Topo- detailed climatic risks which could impact on eventual
cadastral cadastral topo- economical extraction.
map map in cadastral
sufficient map. The Rietberg Mine and surrounding area was recently
detail to Confirm that surveyed via drone photogrammetry. A detailed DTM
support the applicable was created using existing surveyed surface beacons as
assessment aerial ground controls points.
of eventual surveys
economics. have been The survey was carried-out by qualified surveyors of
State the checked Premier Mapping Africa.
known with ground
associated controls and Detailed topo-cadastral map is available at mine office.
climatic surveys,
risks. particularly
in areas of
rugged
terrain,
dense
vegetation
or high
altitude.
1.3 Adjacent (i) Discuss details of relevant adjacent The only adjacent properties belong to Orion Minerals,
Properties properties. If adjacent or nearby properties mainly to the west of the SHIP mining right area.
have an important bearing on the report,
then their location and common
mineralized structures should be included
on the maps. Reference all information
used from other sources.
1.4 History (i) State historical background to the project The mine was active in the late 1970's to early 1989's.
and adjacent areas concerned, including A large database exists consisting of underground and
known results of previous exploration and surface boreholes and mine related activities. Three
mining activities (type, amount, quantity entrance adits exist with underground development to
and development work), previous the mined and unmined ore.
ownership and changes thereto.
(ii) Present details of previous successes or The mine was closed due to other more economical
failures with reasons why the project may and closer deposits to the plant and smelter at
now be considered potentially economic. Nababeep. Rietberg is now considered economical
viable due to the higher copper metal price and
demand.
(iii) Discuss known or existing historical Mineral Various historical estimates have been done, the most
Resource estimates and performance recent one in October 2022 (published CPR).
statistics on actual production for past and Reportedly, the mine produced ~5 Mt at 1.26% Cu.
current operations.
(iv) Discuss known or existing historical Mineral The mine was historical mined in the late 1980's by
Reserve estimates and performance OCC, not details are available regarding reserve
statistics on actual production for past and estimates and performance/production statistics.
current operations. Reportedly 5.566Mt were milled at an average grade of
1.26% Cu between 1968 - 1981.
1.5 Legal Aspects Confirm the legal tenure to the satisfaction of the
and Permitting Competent Person, including a description of the
following:
(i) Discuss the nature of the issuer's rights (e.g. The "SHiP" MR application (NC30/5/1/2/2/10166MR)
prospecting and/or mining) and the right to was accepted by the DMRE on 29 November 2019. The
use the surface of the properties to which mining right consists predominantly of the so-called
these rights relate. Disclose the date of Concordia area and is 19,260.0346 ha in size. The right
expiry and other relevant details. was granted on 31 October 2022. Expiry date is
October 2037.
(ii) Present the principal terms and conditions An agreement with Shirley Hayes and Orontro
of all existing agreements, and details of Investments Proprietary Limited for the acquisition by
those still to be obtained, (such as, but not the Company of 76% of the issued share capital of
limited to, concessions, partnerships, joint Shirley Hayes IPK (Proprietary) Limited.
ventures, access rights, leases, historical
and cultural sites, wilderness or national An agreement with Element 29 (Proprietary) Limited
park and environmental settings, royalties, for the acquisition by the Company of 15% of the
consents, permission, permits or issued share capital of SHIP.
authorisations).
SHiP's 5% BEE stake to its employees is included in its
MOI and Mining Right Application.
(iii) Present the security of the tenure held at A 15-year mining right exists for Cu, Au, Pb and Zn.
the time of reporting or that is reasonably
expected to be granted in the future along
with any known impediments to obtaining
the right to operate in the area. State
details of applications that have been made.
(iv) Provide a statement of any legal No land claims and/or legal proceedings are
proceedings for example, land claims, that outstanding and/or pending regarding SHiP's MR and
may have an influence on the rights to associated mines, prospects, and other mineral
prospect or mine for minerals, or an resources. Most of the surface rights belong to the
appropriate negative statement. Community Property Association (CPA) of Concordia.
(v) Provide a statement relating to The following studies were conducted and approved,
governmental/statutory requirements and Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report,
permits as may be required, have been Geohydrological Impact Assessment, and Heritage
applied for, approved or can be reasonably Impact Assessment and Palaeontological Assessment.
be expected to be obtained.
A Water usage licence is in place.
1.6 Royalties (i) Describe the royalties that are payable in The MPRDA legislation incorporates the government's
respect of each property. intention to impose royalties on revenues derived from
mineral production in South Africa. The royalty is
determined by multiplying the gross sales value of the
extractor, in respect of that mineral resource, in a 9
specified year, by the percentage determined by the
royalty formula.
1.7 Liabilities (i) Describe any liabilities, including A rehabilitation guarantee is in place, this is a
rehabilitation guarantees that are pertinent prerequisite for granting the MR.
to the project. Provide a description of the
rehabilitation liability, including, but not
limited to, legislative requirements,
assumptions and limitations.
Section 2: Geological Setting, Deposit, Mineralisation
2.1 Geological (i) Describe the regional geology. Lithologies in the project area are referred to as the
Setting, O'Kiep Copper District (OCD) which covers an area of
Deposit, approximately 3,000 km2. The OCD consists of the
Mineralisation basement rocks of the Gladkop Suite, rocks of the
Khurisberg Subgroup (pre-tectonic supracrustal
sedimentary and volcanic units), rocks of the Little
Namaqualand and Spektakel Suites (pre- to syn-
tectonic intrusive units), as well as the syn- to post-
tectonic units of the Koperberg Suite.
(ii) Describe the project geology including The Rietberg Mine has a pipe-like geometry with a
deposit type, geological setting and style of possible feeder pipe towards the bottom and some sill-
mineralisation. like bodies closer to surface connected to the pipe.
(iii) Discuss the geological model or concepts Strong geological and mineralisation continuity exists,
being applied in the investigation and on the nature and geometry of the mineralised intrusive
the basis of which the exploration program are well understood and applied during exploration,
is planned. Describe the inferences made resource definition and estimation processes.
from this model.
(iv) Discuss data density, distribution and The historical drilling, both surface and underground
reliability and whether the quality and was generally at close line spacing across the known
quantity of information are sufficient to deposit, achieving reliable high-density and
support statements, made or inferred, representative data sufficient for modelling and
concerning the Exploration Target or resource estimation.
Mineralisation.
(v) Discuss the significant minerals present in The Cu bearing minerals at Rietberg consist
the deposit, their frequency, size and other predominantly of Bornite and Chalcopyrite within the
characteristics. Includes minor and gangue mafic/ultramafic Koperberg Suite rocks. Some internal
minerals where these will have an effect on felsic pegmatites and other rock type occurs as lenses
the processing steps. Indicate the variability within the orebody. It is expected that the "internal"
of each important mineral within the waste will have no major effect on the processing.
deposit. Procedures are in place to remove most of the internal
waste before processing.
(vi) Describe the significant mineralised zones The Cu mineralisation is strongly controlled and
encountered on the property, including a restricted to the mafic/ultramafic rocks of the
summary of the surrounding rock types, Koperberg Suite. The contacts with the felsic
relevant geological controls, and the length, host/country rocks (granite, gneiss and granulites) are
width, depth, and continuity of the generally sharp. The mafic rocks are intrusive and were
mineralisation, together with a description structurally controlled and generally occurs as pipe-,
of the type, character, and distribution of sill- and dyke-like bodies. Generally, dips steeply to the
the mineralisation north. Geological and mineralisation exhibits strong
continuity over hundreds of meters. The geological
controls are well understood.
(vii) Confirm that reliable geological models The historical maps and cross-sections were diligently
and/or maps and cross sections that compiled and considered highly reliable, most still
support interpretations exist. available. Since the geological and mineralisation
settings and controls are well known, geological and
mineralisation models generated are considered
accurate and reliable.
Section 3: Exploration and Drilling, Sampling Techniques and Data
3.1 Exploration (i) Describe the data acquisition or exploration Historically exploration drilling followed detailed
techniques and the nature, level of detail, geological mapping and geophysical surveys such as
and confidence in the geological data used magnetics, gravity, and IP. Geological and analytical
(i.e. geological observations, remote sensing data was collated from generally closely spaced surface
results, stratigraphy, lithology, structure, drill holes.
alteration, mineralisation, hydrology,
geophysical, geochemical, petrography,
mineralogy, geochronology, bulk density,
potential deleterious or contaminating
substances, geotechnical and rock
characteristics, moisture content, bulk
samples etc.). Confirm that data sets
include all relevant metadata, such as
unique sample number, sample mass,
collection date, spatial location etc.
(ii) Identify and comment on the primary data An abundant amount of geological and analytical data
elements (observation and measurements) exists. The borehole logs, analytical and survey data
used for the project and describe the was digitally captured and verified. Data was collated
management and verification of these data into a central Access database for usage.
or the database. This should describe the
following relevant processes: acquisition
(capture or transfer), validation, integration,
control, storage, retrieval and backup
processes. It is assumed that data are
stored digitally but hand-printed tables with
well-organized data and information may
also constitute a database.
(iii) Acknowledge and appraise data from other Historical data collected over many years by OCC
parties and reference all data and (Newmont and GFSA).
information used from other sources.
(iv) Clearly distinguish between data / Only data from Rietberg Mine was used.
information from the property under
discussion and that derived from
surrounding properties
(v) Describe the survey methods, techniques Generally, the collar positions of most drill holes were
and expected accuracies of data. Specify the surveyed by an inhouse qualified surveyor. The survey
grid system used. gird system used was LO17Cape (feet and metres)
which was recently converted to UTM33SWGS84.
Many of the drill hole collars were also recently located
and verified in the field and underground.
(vi) Discuss whether the data spacing, and Original exploration holes were drilled aiming to
distribution is sufficient to establish the achieve at least a 60m by 30m spacing. Underground
degree of geological and grade continuity ore definition drilling was generally ~20m or closer,
appropriate for the estimation procedure(s) based on historical experience this spacing is generally
and classifications applied. considered appropriate for Mineral Resource
estimation for this type of mineralisation.
(vii) Present representative models and / or Refer to figures in main text body.
maps and cross sections or other two- or
three-dimensional illustrations of results,
showing location of samples, accurate drill-
hole collar positions, down-hole surveys,
exploration pits, underground workings,
relevant geological data, etc
(viii) Report the relationships between Historical underground drilling is oriented
mineralisation widths and intercept lengths perpendicular, or at a maximum achievable angle, to
are particularly important, the geometry of the attitude of the mineralisation. As a result, most
the mineralisation with respect to the drill underground holes intersect the mineralisation at an
hole angle. If it is not known and only the acceptable angle.
down-hole lengths are reported, confirm it
with a clear statement to this effect (e.g.
'down-hole length, true width not known').
3.2 Drilling (i) Present the type of drilling undertaken (e.g. Historically AX (30.23~29.97mm) drill core was drilled.
Techniques core, reverse circulation, open-hole Recent twin drilling was TNW (60.8~60.55) core size.
hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Banka, No core was orientated.
sonic, etc) and details (e.g. core diameter,
triple or standard tube, depth of diamond
tails, face-sampling bit or other type,
whether core is oriented and if so, by what
method, etc).
(ii) Describe whether core and chip samples All core was geologically logged and sampled; hand
have been geologically and geotechnically logs are available. Limited geotechnical logs done and
logged to a level of detail to support available.
appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, Detail hand and digital logs are available for the recent
technical studies, mining studies and twin drill holes.
metallurgical studies.
(iii) Describe whether logging is qualitative or Historic core logging was qualitative with no core
quantitative in nature; indicate if core photography The core of the twin holes (2023) was
photography. (or costean, channel, etc) was photographed.
undertaken.
(iv) Present the total length and percentage of The current database consists of 341 Surface holes, 672
the relevant intersections logged. underground holes. Approximately 33,323 assays are
available and used for modelling and estimation
purposes.
(v) Results of any downhole surveys of the drill Drill holes are generally short and little to no deviations
hole to be discussed. occurred. As standard practise most holes were
surveyed (DH), some of these are still available but not
all. Three of the 4 recent twin holes were downhole
surveyed, none to insignificant deviations were found.
3.3 Sample (i) Describe the nature and quality of sampling Historically, core samples were analysed by the on-
method, (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific mine laboratory.
collection, specialised industry standard measurement Core samples were geologically logged and sampled.
capture and tools appropriate to the minerals under Assays from the 2023 twin holes were submitted to ALS
storage investigation, such as down hole gamma Johannesburg, an accredited laboratory.
sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc).
These examples should not be taken as
limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
(ii) Describe the sampling processes, including Historically mineralised core was sampled over 1 – 2m
sub-sampling stages to maximize intervals.
representivity of samples. This should Visible mineralisation was sampled over 1m intervals
include whether sample sizes are also taking geological contacts into consideration.
appropriate to the grain size of the material
being sampled. Indicate whether sample
compositing has been applied.
(iii) Appropriately describe each data set (e.g. Various parameters are recorded during logging of the
geology, grade, density, quality, diamond core, these include (but not restricted to); recoveries,
breakage, geo-metallurgical characteristics lithologies, alteration, mineralisation, sampling, and
etc.), sample type, sample-size selection assays, QAQC, SG's, structure and other collar and core
and collection methods metadata.
(iv) Report the geometry of the mineralisation The Cu mineralisation is steeply-dipping towards the
with respect to the drill-hole angle. State north. Surface drilling have a southerly azimuth with
whether the orientation of sampling dips between 45° - 75°. Historical underground drilling
achieves unbiased sampling of possible is oriented perpendicular, or at a maximum achievable
structures and the extent to which this is angle, to the attitude of the mineralisation.
known, considering the deposit type. State
if the intersection angle is not known and
only the downhole lengths are reported.
(v) Describe retention policy and storage of Twin drilling ½ and ¼ core is stored in labelled core
physical samples (e.g. core, sample reject, trays within the secure core yard at Nababeep. Sample
etc.) rejects and pulps returned from the laboratory is also
stored in the core yard.
(vi) Describe the method of recording and During drilling, the diamond core recovery was
assessing core and chip sample recoveries monitored daily to ensure representativeness. Core
and results assessed, measures taken to recovery/loss was also recorded on designed log
maximise sample recovery and ensure sheets. The rock types encountered are very
representative nature of the samples and competent and fresh (no oxidation) and very little to
whether a relationship exists between no loss was recorded.
sample recovery and grade and whether
sample bias may have occurred due to
preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse
material.
(vii) If a drill-core sample is taken, state whether Historically whole AX drill core was sampled. OCC
it was split or sawn and whether quarter, submitted whole AX core to the on-mine laboratory for
half or full core was submitted for analysis. assaying. Samples were generally taken over 2m
If a non-core sample, state whether the intervals and adjusted to accommodate geological
sample was riffled, tube sampled, rotary contacts. OCC generally kept a 10cm representative
split etc. and whether it was sampled wet or core sample, most of which are no more available.
dry. The twin hole core was sampled over 1m and
quartered for assaying.
3.4 Sample (i) Identify the laboratory(s) and state the The historic assays were done by OCC's on-mine/site
Preparation accreditation status and Registration laboratory. Most of this analytical work was done prior
and Analysis Number of the laboratory or provide a to 1998 and SAMREC Code (2016). The laboratory was
statement that the laboratories are not not accredited. In 2023 twin drilling samples were
accredited. submitted to ALS Johannesburg which is an accredited
laboratory.
(ii) Identify the analytical method. Discuss the Historically not known.
nature, quality and appropriateness of the
assaying and laboratory processes and Login of twin (2023) samples into the system, weighing,
procedures used and whether the fine crushing of entire sample to 70% -2mm, split off
technique is considered partial or total. 250g and pulverise split to better than 85% passing 75
microns.
The twin assays (2023) were analysed using ME-ICP41a
(high grade aqua regia digestion and ICP-AES for 30
elements) and ME-OG46 ore grade (Cu) 5% precision.
Au-AA25 ore grade Au by fire assay and ASS were also
done.
(iii) Describe the process and method used for Core samples are cut using a core cutter with the right
sample preparation, sub-sampling and size size core guide. The retrieved core is very competent,
reduction, and likelihood of inadequate or and contamination is not considered to occur.
non- representative samples (i.e. improper
size reduction, contamination, screen sizes,
granulometry, mass balance, etc.)
3.5 Sampling (i) Discuss the governance of the sampling During the 2023 twin drilling campaign, QAQC samples
Governance campaign and process, to ensure quality and assays were inserted into the sampling stream
and representivity of samples and data, (1:10) according to industry best practises and
such as sample recovery, high grading, recommendations. The QAQC samples consisted of
selective losses or contamination, core/hole CMR's, Blanks and duplicates. Assays/results returned
diameter, internal and external QA/QC, and for these QAQC samples were found to be acceptable.
any other factors that may have resulted in
or identified sample bias.
(ii) Describe the measures taken to ensure No details of historical sample security are available.
sample security and the Chain of Custody. However, during the mining operations the site was
fenced and gated with security personnel employed as
part of the staff. Recent drilling core was collected,
logged, and sampled by the mine geologists. All core is
kept locked-up in the core yard in Nababeep.
(iii) Describe the validation procedures used to Historical data was digitally captures and verified and
ensure the integrity of the data, e.g. corrected were required.
transcription, input or other errors,
between its initial collection and its future
use for modelling (e.g. geology, grade,
density, etc.)
(iv) Describe the audit process and frequency No historical external audits are known or available.
(including dates of these audits) and
disclose any material risks identified.
3.6 Quality (i) Demonstrate that adequate field sampling No records exist for QAQC procedures; however, it is
Control/Quality process verification techniques (QA/QC) assumed that the OCC/Newmont/Gold Fields SA
Assurance have been applied, e.g. the level of followed best standard practises at the time.
duplicates, blanks, reference material
standards, process audits, analysis, etc. If QAQC samples such as CRM's, Blanks and Duplicates
indirect methods of measurement were were inserted into the sampling stream. These QAQC
used (e.g. geophysical methods), these samples were found to return acceptable values.
should be described, with attention given to
the confidence of interpretation.
3.7 Bulk Density (i) Describe the method of bulk density It is assumed that the SG data was acquired using the
determination with reference to the Archimedes method by weighing drill core in air and
frequency of measurements, the size, water, a practical method considered appropriate for
nature and representativeness of the this competent rock types.
samples.
The Archimedes method was used for SG
measurements of the twin drilling campaign.
Recent SG measurements confirmed historical data.
(ii) If target tonnage ranges are reported state, Not Applicable.
the preliminary estimates or basis of
assumptions made for bulk density.
(iii) Discuss the representivity of bulk density Not Applicable.
samples of the material for which a grade
range is reported.
(iv) Discuss the adequacy of the methods of Not Applicable.
bulk density determination for bulk material
with special reference to accounting for
void spaces (vugs, porosity etc.), moisture
and differences between rock and
alteration zones within the deposit.
3.8 (i) Indicate the location of individual samples Not Applicable.
(including map).
(ii) Describe the size of samples, Approximately 5Mt at 1.26% Cu was historically mined
spacing/density of samples recovered and at Rietberg Mine, this can be considered as a large
whether sample sizes and distribution are "bulk sample" indicative of the tonnage and grades to
appropriate to the grain size of the material be expected.
being sampled.
Bulk-Sampling (iii) Describe the method of mining and Historically mined to produce approximately 5.6 Mt @
and/or trial treatment. 1.26% Cu. Mining method used were Vertical Crater
mining Retreat (VCR). Sulphide concentrate was produced and
smelted to produce Cu ingots.
(iv) Indicate the degree to which the samples Historically, core drilling and VCR mining sample data
are representative of the various types and representing the mineralisation of the deposit.
styles of mineralisation and the mineral
deposit as a whole.
Section 4: Estimation and Reporting of Exploration Results and Mineral Resources
4.1 Geological (i) Describe the geological model, construction The Rietberg deposit is a pipe-like structure and was
model and technique and assumptions that forms the modelled as such. A geological cut-off ranging between
interpretation basis for the Exploration Results or Mineral 0.5 – 0.3% Cu was applied with delineating strings
Resource estimate. Discuss the sufficiency approximately every 5m down the pipe. The Rietberg
of data density to assure continuity of Pipe consists of mafic/ultramafic and internal felsic
mineralisation and geology and provide an lenses (internal waste). These cannot distinctively be
adequate basis for the estimation and modelled as separate units since it will result in overly
classification procedures applied. complex impractical models. The strings were used to
create the wireframe model.
(ii) Describe the nature, detail and reliability of Historically detailed geological logs exist, these were
geological information with which digitally captured, corrected, and verified. Data
lithological, structural, mineralogical, includes, collar information, DH survey, lithological,
alteration or other geological, geotechnical analytical and SG measurements.
and geo-metallurgical characteristics were
recorded.
(iii) Describe any obvious geological, mining, Recent metallurgical test work on composite core
metallurgical, environmental, social, samples from the 2023 twin drilling were completed
infrastructural, legal and economic factors and indicated recoveries of 90% through flotation.
that could have a significant effect on the
prospects of any possible exploration target
or deposit.
(iv) Discuss all known geological data that could No geological data is known to exists which can
materially influence the estimated quantity materially influence the resource estimate.
and quality of the Mineral Resource.
(v) Discuss whether consideration was given to Geological modelling is a repetitive process, various
alternative interpretations or models and modelling options were investigated. The final model is
their possible effect (or potential risk) if any, deemed to be most representative of the geological
on the Mineral Resource estimate. and mineralisation setting.
(vi) Discuss geological discounts (e.g. Historically no geological discounts were applied, it was
magnitude, per reef, domain, etc.), applied also with this study/investigation deemed unnecessary.
in the model, whether applied to
mineralized and / or un-mineralized
material (e.g. potholes, faults, dykes, etc).
4.2 Estimation and (i) Describe in detail the estimation techniques Not Applicable.
modelling and assumptions used to determine the
techniques grade and tonnage ranges.
(ii) Discuss the nature and appropriateness of • Sample lengths were composited to 1.5m.
the estimation technique(s) applied and key • Coefficient plots indicated low CV's and upper
assumptions, including treatment of values cutting was not warranted or required.
extreme grade values (cutting or capping), • The block model is unrotated with mother block
compositing (including by length and/or sizes being 4(x) x 4(y) x 2(z)m, sub-blocking was
density), domaining, sample spacing, applied close to contacts.
estimation unit size (block size), selective • Omni-directional variography was applied to the
mining units, interpolation parameters and broader mafic domain wireframe and data,
maximum distance of extrapolation from whereas directional variography applied to the
data points.
mineralised core domain wireframe and dataset.
The later dataset showed strong down-plunge
anisotropy.
• Ordinary Kriging was applied.
(iii) Describe assumptions and justification of None.
correlations made between variables.
(iv) Provide details of any relevant specialized MicromineTM 2023 was used for data verification, string
computer program (software) used, with compiling and wireframe constructions. Leapfrog
the version number, together with the EdgeTM was used for statistical procedures, block
estimation parameters used. modelling and resource estimation by Rock Ridge
Consultancy based in Vancouver, Canada.
(v) State the processes of checking and Visual inspection of the estimated data against actual
validation, the comparison of model data indicated good correlation and acceptable
information to sample data and use of estimates.
reconciliation data, and whether the
Mineral Resource estimate takes account of
such information.
(vi) Describe the assumptions made regarding By-products such as Au and Ag are known to be
the estimation of any co-products, by- present, however the quantities are insignificant, and
products or deleterious elements. no estimations and/or assumptions were made. No
deleterious elements are known to be present and
were not considered.
4.3 Reasonable (i) Disclose and discuss the geological Although substantial, the S.G. measurements and
prospects for parameters. These would include (but not database does not allow representative modelling and
eventual be limited to) volume / tonnage, grade and assigning of values to individual blocks. For this
economic value / quality estimates, cut-off grades, resource estimation an average S.G. of 2.85 was
extraction strip ratios, upper- and lower- screen sizes. applied to the ore blocks. This average SG considered
rock types as well as Cu grades, i.e., more mafic rock
types and higher Cu grades yield higher SG values.
(ii) Disclose and discuss the engineering Mine design on Rietberg Mine is described in the CPR
parameters. These would include mining (a copy of which is available on the company website)
method, dilution, processing, geotechnical, and was the basis on which a cut-off of 0,75% was
geohydraulic and metallurgical) parameters. determined as measure of economic viable extraction.
(iii) Disclose and discuss the infrastructural Historic underground mine infra-structure exists and
including, but not limited to, power, water, are in excellent condition and easily accessible. The
site-access. underground infrastructure was recently scanned via
LIDARTM and found to be intact, accessible, and located
were expected. Limited water and power will be
required, and various options are being investigated.
No major obstacles are envisaged.
(iv) Disclose and discuss the legal, A Mining Right exists, allowing for eventual ore
governmental, permitting, statutory extraction.
parameters.
(v) Disclose and discuss the environmental and Ore extraction will be underground with processing at
social (or community) parameters. Nababeep, therefore very minimal infra-structure
required and impact on the environment.
(vi) Disclose and discuss the marketing Market expectations appear to be that copper will
parameters. trade in a band between $3.40 and $5.40 per pound
(vii) Disclose and discuss the economic over the long term, with consensus long term price
assumptions and parameters. These factors expectations of $4.16 per pound (S9,200 per tonne).
will include, but not limited to, commodity For planning purposes, COPPER 360 is using $9,000 per
prices and potential capital and operating tonne as a real through-the-cycle price.
costs
(viii) Discuss any material risks Off-take agreements are already in place.
Factors such as political and industrial disruption,
currency fluctuation and interest rates could have an
impact on COPPER 360's future operations, and
potential revenue streams can also be affected by
these factors.
(ix) Discuss the parameters used to support the Copper 360 is in the process of completing
concept of "eventual" construction of flotation plant which will process
Rietberg ore with the plant scheduled for
commissioning in November 2023.
Mine opening-up is underway with first development
scheduled for April 2024.
4.4 Classification (i) Describe criteria and methods used as the Based on variography, ellipsoid range and directions
Criteria basis for the classification of the Mineral were used. Three "runs" or passes were made to
Resources into varying confidence classify the resource into the confidence categories.
categories. Parameters used are tabled below.
General Ellipsoid Ranges Ellipsoid Directions Number of Samples Drillhole Limit
Interpolant Name Max Int Min Dip Dip Azi Pitch Min Max Max Samp/Hold
Kr1, Cu_Pct in
RBShell05 28 18 11 70 350 120 10 16 6
Kr2, Cu_Pct in
RBShell05 55 36 21 70 350 120 8 16 5
Kr3, Cu_Pct in
RBShell05 110 72 42 70 350 120 6 16 4
Kr1, Cu-Pct in
RBMaficPipe 55 55 5 0 0 90 10 16 6
Kr2, Cu-Pct in
RBMaficPipe 110 110 110 0 0 90 8 16 5
Kr3, Cu-Pct in
RBMaficPipe 220 220 220 0 0 90 6 16 4
4.5 Reporting (i) Discuss the reported low and high-grades The average resource grades reported are similar and
and widths together with their spatial within the known historical Cu grades mined and
location to avoid misleading the reporting reported for the O'Kiep Copper District.
of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources or
Mineral Reserves.
(ii) Discuss whether the reported grades are Resource reported grades are based on weighted
regional averages or if they are selected averages from the individual blocks within the models.
individual samples taken from the property
under discussion.
(iii) State assumptions regarding mining Not Applicable.
methods, infrastructure, metallurgy,
environmental and social parameters. State
and discuss where no mining related
assumptions have been made.
(iv) State the specific quantities and grades / Not Applicable.
qualities which are being reported in ranges
and/or widths, and explain the basis of the
reporting.
(v) Present the detail for example open pit, Included in the resource are underground remnants
underground, residue stockpile, remnants, such as so-called "fringe ore" left behind along the
tailings, and existing pillars or other sources edges of the VCR stope.
in the Mineral Resource statement
The partially collapsed "crown pillar" of the Rietberg
Mine is also included in the reported resource.
Ore from the partially collapsed crown pillar will be
available for immediate extraction from numerous
existing underground draw points.
Most of the declared resource is expected to be viable
for future mining and extraction.
(vi) Present a reconciliation with any previous A 1.1Mt at 2.22% Cu Inferred resource (Effective date:
Mineral Resource estimates. Where 31 October 2022) was declared in the January 2023
appropriate, report and comment on any CPR.
historic trends (e.g. global bias).
Most of this has now been upgraded to the Measured
category following twin confirmation drilling and digital
capture of all historical underground drill holes.
(vii) Present the defined reference point for the The ROM material is to be delivered at the
tonnages and grades reported as Mineral concentration plant situated in Nababeep.
Resources. State the reference point if the
point is where the run of mine material is
delivered to the processing plant. It is
important that, in all situations where the
reference point is different, such as for a
saleable product, a clarifying statement is
included to ensure that the reader is fully
informed as to what is being reported.
(viii) If the CP is relying on a report, opinion, or The statistical analyses, variography, block modelling
statement of another expert who is not a and resource classification were outsourced to Rock
CP, disclose the date, title, and author of Ridge consultants in Canada. The quality of work from
the report, opinion, or statement, the these consultants are well known, highly regarded, and
qualifications of the other expert and why it considered reliable by the CP.
is reasonable for the CP to rely on the other
expert, any significant risks and any steps
the CP took to verify the information
provided.
(ix) State the basis of equivalent metal Not Applicable.
formulae, if applied.
Section 5: Technical Studies
5.1 Introduction (i) State the level of study – whether An inhouse (mining) feasibility study was completed.
prefeasibility, feasibility or ongoing Life of As part of this study a mine plan and production
Mine. The Code requires that a study to at schedule were also compiled.
least a Pre-Feasibility level has been
undertaken to convert Mineral Resource to
Mineral Reserve. Such studies will have
All relevant modifying factors such as dilution, rock
been carried out and will include a mine
mechanical limitations and exclusions were taken into
plan or production schedule that is
account.
technically achievable and economically
viable, and that all Modifying Factors have
been considered.
(ii) Provide a summary table of the Modifying 1. Long Hole Open Stoping method was selected for
Factors used to convert the Mineral lower dilution, selection and blending benefits.
Resource to Mineral Reserve for Pre- 2. Metallurgical test work presented better than
feasibility, Feasibility or on-going life-of- forecast mass pull and recovery factors.
mine studies. 3. P80 – 75 micron provides the optimal gride size to
recovery.
4. Copper prices of USD 9000/Cut was used for the
LOM.
5. AISC LoM – USD 4350/Cut
6. Capital (Initial) USD 26.8 million
7. Life of Mine 7 or 9 years subject to exclusions.
5.2 Mining Design (i) State assumptions regarding mining All relevant parameters were considered such as cut-
methods and parameters when estimating off grade, ore deposit spatial parameters, grade
Mineral Resources or explain where no variability, stope shape stability, interlevel spacing,
mining assumptions have been made. exaction sizes and dimensions and exclusion zones
(ii) State and justify all modifying factors and Modifying Percentage in relation to mineral
assumptions made regarding mining factors resource
methods, minimum mining dimensions (or Exclusion Zone 35%
pit shell) and internal and, if applicable, Dilution 14%
external) mining dilution and mining losses
used for the techno-economic study and Mining Losses 5%
signed-off, such as mining method, mine Design parameters for ore and waste development
design criteria, infrastructure, capacities,
Method of Width Height
Excavation Types Profile
production schedule, mining efficiencies, extraction (m) (m)
grade control, geotechnical and hydrological Declines & Raises Square Drill and Blast 5 5
considerations, closure plans, and personnel
Waste development Square Drill and Blast 5 5
requirements.
Ore development Square Drill and Blast 5 5
Vent raise Square Drill and Blast 3 3
Design parameters for long hole open stopping
Description Value
Mining width 8m – 20m
Stope length 20m – 40m
Stope height 15m -25m
Wall angles 55 degrees
(iii) State what mineral resource models have The inhouse resource model described in sections
been used in the study. above and declared was used for this study.
(iv) Explain the basis of (the adopted) cut-off In this study, a break-even grade was employed to
grade(s) or quality parameters applied. ascertain the volume of material available throughout
Include metal equivalents if relevant the life of the mine. The break-even grade was
determined on a copper (Cu) grade basis, considering
all operating costs (Capex) and capital expenditures
required to sustain the necessary production profile
after factoring in plant recoveries.
The cost parameters utilized in the calculation of the
break-even grade were directly dependent on the
mining method chosen for extraction, which, in this
case, is Long Hole Open Stoping (LHOS)
(v) Description and justification of mining The process of selecting the mining method was
method(s) to be used. executed in a bifurcated manner, encompassing the
subsequent steps:
• Classification of mining types
• Implementation of the Analytical Hierarchy
Process
The analysis of results produced by the AHP clearly
indicated that LHOS is the most suitable mining
method catering in prioritizing safety and adhering to
optimal mining practices and adaptability in extracting
variable-grade resources amidst shifting economic
circumstances.
(vi) For open-pit mines, include a discussion of Not applicable, underground mining.
pit slopes, slope stability, and strip ratio.
(vii) For underground mines, discussion of Geotechnical considerations:
mining method, geotechnical • The two inherited glory holes and the existing
considerations, mine design characteristics, access infrastructure around the deposit
and ventilation/cooling requirements. • The nature of the spatial orientation of the ore
deposit in relation to the gloryholes.
• RMR of the in-situ rock
• Excavation stability
• Stress state
Mine design criteria:
• Mine design criteria are stated in point (ii)
Ventilation requirements:
• Ventilation system was designed to efficiently
utilize the existing haulages and infrastructure for
accessing the ore zones and underground working
areas.
• Primary factor in determining the ventilation
capacity is the mechanized diesel mining fleet.
• At full production the heat loading is expected to
reach 2,700 kilowatts (kW).
(viii) Discussion of mining rate, equipment Mining Rate:
selected, grade control methods, • Planned ore tramming rate is 34kt/month.
geotechnical and hydrogeological • Waste development blasting is 200m/month.
considerations, health and safety of the • Ore development blasting is 11kt/month.
workforce, staffing requirements, dilution, • Longhole stoping is 38kt/month.
and recovery.
TMM fleet:
• Mechanised TMM fleet catered to LHOS.
• LHD
• ATD
• Longhole drilling rigs.
• Boomer drill rigs
• Scissor lifts.
• Scalers
Maximum of 15% dilution was incorporated.
90% recovery was applied.
The work force was selected based on the machine
fleet selected and the production requirement.
(ix) State the optimisation methods used in Optimisation:
planning, list of constraints (practicality, The mine design was built using MicromineTM 2023.
plant, access, exposed Mineral Reserves, Long-hole stope shapes were generated using the SO
stripped Mineral Reserves, bottlenecks, (Stope Optimiser) software, which provides a stope
draw control). shape that maximises the recovered resource value
above a cut- off, while also catering for practical
mining parameters such as:
• Minimum and maximum mining width
• Anticipated wall dilution
• Minimum and maximum wall angles
• Minimum and maximum stope heights and withs
• Spatial consideration of exclusion zones which are
not practical to mine
Constraints:
Ore reserves mined can only be processed at a later
stage due to the strategy of extracting these broken
stocks during the initial 27 months while concurrently
pre-developing the mine
5.3 Metallurgical (i) Discuss the source of the sample and the Reference was made to available historical
and Testwork techniques to obtain the sample, laboratory metallurgical test work and data. Diamond core from
and metallurgical testing techniques. the four twin holes were composited into 3 grades for
metallurgical testing at SGS as prescribed by the
inhouse metallurgists.
(ii) Explain the basis for assumptions or Mineralogical and metallurgical test work was
predictions regarding metallurgical conducted on 3 samples as SGS. Mineralogy results
amenability and any preliminary allow for accurate interpretation of metallurgical test
mineralogical test work already carried out. results.
(iii) Describe and justify the processing Processing of the sulphide material entails:
method(s) to be used, equipment, plant
capacity, efficiencies, and personnel • Crushing,
requirements. • Milling to 80% passing 75 micron. SGS test work
results showed similar results at particle sizes of
45, 75 and 106 micron.
• Rougher flotation.
• Scavenger flotation to maximise recovery.
• Cleaner flotation to maximise product grade.
Thickening and pressure filtration of the cleaner
flotation concentrate to minimise moisture in the final
product.
(iv) Discuss the nature, amount and Metallurgical test work was limited to bench testing.
representativeness of metallurgical test Recoveries were comparable with historical O'Kiep
work undertaken and the recovery factors Copper Company results.
used. A detailed flow sheet / diagram and a
mass balance should exist, especially for Detailed Process Flow Diagrams, Mass balances and
multi-product operations from which the Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams were prepared
saleable materials are priced for different to allow for detail design. Detailed equipment design
chemical and physical characteristics. and layout were done in 3-D.
(v) State what assumptions or allowances have Bench scale test work was conducted, and results
been made for deleterious elements and showed that all deleterious and penalty elements were
the existence of any bulk-sample or pilot- below detection limits.
scale test work and the degree to which
such samples are representative of the ore
body as a whole.
(vi) State whether the metallurgical process is Copper 360 selected industry standard flotation
well-tested technology or novel in nature. technology. Note that flotation was historically used
for processing of copper in the Northern Cape Copper
belt.
5.4 Infrastructure (i) Comment regarding the current state of All infrastructure was removed at time of closure. All
infrastructure or the ease with which the infrastructure equipment is readily available and
infrastructure can be provided or accessed mining operations of the Glory hole can be achieved
within 3 months. The infrastructure and mechanised
mining equipment is made up of the items listed
below:
• 2 x generators of 1MVA and 400kVA.
• All underground and surface infrastructure
consists of;
• Main 400v underground and surface feeder cables
• Various MCC and distribution boards will feed
individual systems.
• Once an Eskom supply has been established the
generators will be used as backup power.
• Underground lighting will be achieved through
strings of LEDs while surface will be lit up with
solar charged lights.
• Underground communications will be achieved via
a leaky feeder radio system.
• De-watering pump and related pump column to
surface.
• Storage dam for mine de-watering on surface, this
water reports back to the underground workings
for drilling purposes.
• Make-up water to the dam referred to above will
be from an already approved supply from Vaal
Central Water, previously Bloem Water.
• The Vaal Central Water supply will also be used to
feed the RO plant for potable water distribution.
• The mine water will report to the underground
workings through a series of interconnected dams
and pump stations.
• Mining return water system consisting of pumps
and pipe columns returns this water to source for
recirculation.
• Sewage and wastewater will report to a Bubbler
plant, and the output from the plant will be used
for gardening and return to main surface storage
dam for reuse.
• Self-sustaining refuge chambers are to be installed
in the underground workings.
• Surface infrastructure consists of change houses,
ablution and shower facility, lamp room, control
room, shift office, kitchen, laundry, main office
block, training centre, diesel storage and
dispensing, workshop, wash bay and stores.
• The road infrastructure from the N7 access point
as well as on-site roads are in place and require
some maintenance.
• Mechanised mining equipment will consist of
boomer drill rigs, Simba long hole drill rigs,
charging unit, 10ton loaders, 30ton trucks, scaler,
scissor lift, grader, and light delivery vehicles, with
contracted load and haul equipment to the plant.
• Designated areas for mining and related
operations are to be fenced off and manned by
security personnel i.e. 903 level, 600 and 400
levels, and the training centre.
(ii) Report in sufficient detail to demonstrate As per the approved MWP, office sites, dumping,
that the necessary facilities have been hauling, rock dumps and TSF facilities will be
allowed for (which may include, but not be constructed. No resource is sterilised by any planned
limited to, processing plant, tailings dam, infrastructure.
leaching facilities, waste dumps, road, rail or
port facilities, water and power supply, Mine area to be fenced with strict security control.
offices, housing, security, resource
sterilisation testing etc.). Provide detailed
maps showing locations of facilities.
(iii) Statement showing that all necessary All required and necessary logistics are in place and
logistics have been considered. have been considered.
5.5 Environmental (i) Confirm that the company holding the The Company has addressed the host country
and Social tenement has addressed the host country environmental legal compliance requirements to which
environmental legal compliance it is subject.
requirements and any mandatory and/or
voluntary standards or guidelines to which it
subscribes
(ii) Identify the necessary permits that will be No other permits are required.
required and their status and where not yet
obtained, confirm that there is a reasonable
basis to believe that all permits required for
the project will be obtained
(iii) Identify and discuss any sensitive areas that No sensitive areas have been identified that will have
may affect the project as well as any other an impact on the eventual economic extraction.
environmental factors including I&AP
and/or studies that could have a material
effect on the likelihood of eventual
economic extraction. Discuss possible
means of mitigation.
(iv) Identify any legislated social management These are summarised in the Mines Work Programme
programmes that may be required and of which a copy can be obtained on the company
discuss the content and status of these. website.
(v) Outline and quantify the material socio- No material socio-economic and cultural impacts have
economic and cultural impacts that need to been identified.
be mitigated, and their mitigation measures
and where appropriate the associated costs.
5.6 Market Studies (i) Describe the valuable and potentially A copper producer generates several valuable and
and Economic valuable product(s) including suitability of potentially valuable products, including:
criteria products, co-products and by products to
market. 1. Copper Cathode Plates (0.9x0.9) at 99.98%
Purity:
Suitability -These high-purity copper cathode
plates are well-suited for various electrical and
electronic applications, where high conductivity
and purity are crucial.
Market Potential: The high purity makes these
cathodes desirable in industries such as
electronics, power transmission, and
manufacturing of electrical equipment.
2. Copper in Concentrate (<30% Cu, 300ppm Au,
2800ppm Ag, <25% Sulphides):
Suitability: The copper concentrate is suitable
for further processing to extract copper and
other valuable metals. The low sulphur content
is beneficial for subsequent processing steps.
Market Potential: This concentrate can be sold
to smelters or refineries for further extraction
of copper, gold, and silver. Additionally, the
high sulphur content makes it suitable to
produce sulfuric acid.
3. Slag Discard for Sandblast Material and Cement
Blend/Binder:
Suitability for Sandblast Material: The slag can
be crushed and used as an abrasive material for
sandblasting due to its hardness and angular
shape.
Suitability for Cement Blend and Binder: The
slag can be finely ground and used as a
supplementary cementitious material,
enhancing the strength and durability of
concrete.
Market Potential: Sandblast Material: It can be
sold to industries involved in surface cleaning
and preparation, such as construction and
metal fabrication.
Cement Blend and Binder: Construction
companies and cement manufacturers can use
the slag as a sustainable alternative to
traditional cement additives.
(ii) Describe product to be sold, customer 1.Product to be Sold:
specifications, testing, and acceptance • High-Purity Copper Cathode Plates (0.9x0.9) at
requirements. Discuss whether there exists 99.98% Purity: These are premium-grade copper
a ready market for the product and whether plates suitable for applications demanding high
contracts for the sale of the product are in electrical conductivity and purity.
place or expected to be readily obtained. • Copper Concentrate (<30% Cu, 300ppm Au,
Present price and volume forecasts and the 2800ppm Ag, <25% Sulphides): This product is a
basis for the forecast. raw material for smelters or refineries involved in
the extraction of copper, gold, and silver.
• Slag for Sandblast Material and Cement
Blend/Binder: The slag, after processing, can be
sold for sandblasting purposes and as a
supplementary material in cement production.
2. Customer Specifications and Testing:
• Copper Cathode Plates: Customers will specify a
minimum purity level (99.9%) and may have size
and shape preferences. Testing involves verifying
purity through chemical analysis and inspecting
the physical properties, these results will be
provided by an independent laboratory.
• Copper Concentrate: Buyers will have
specifications regarding copper content < 18%,
impurities penalties will also apply and moisture
levels. Testing involves chemical analysis to meet
these specifications also conducted by an
independent laboratory.
• Slag for Sandblast Material and Cement
Blend/Binder: Customers may specify particle size
distribution for sandblasting and chemical
composition for cement blending. Testing includes
particle size analysis and chemical tests.
3. Acceptance Requirements:
• Acceptance is typically based on meeting customer
specifications. Certificates of analysis, quality
assurance documentation, and compliance with
industry standards are crucial for acceptance.
4. Market Readiness:
• Copper Cathode Plates: There is a ready market in
electronics, power transmission, and
manufacturing. Contracts may already be in place
with established customers, and further
agreements can be expected based on the industry
demand.
• Copper Concentrate: A ready market exists among
smelters and refineries. Long-term contracts may
be in place or negotiated based on the consistent
quality of the concentrate.
• Slag for Sandblast Material and Cement
Blend/Binder: There is a market for both
sandblasting and cement-related industries.
Contracts may be in place or can be readily
obtained due to the increasing demand for
sustainable construction materials.
5. Price and Volume Forecasts:
• Copper Cathode Plates 2ktpa: Prices are influenced
by market demand, purity levels, and global
copper prices. Volume forecasts are based on
production capacity and historical sales.
• Copper Concentrate 9ktpa: Prices are linked to
metal prices and concentrate quality and by
produces like Au and Ag. Volume forecasts depend
on mining capacity and contractual agreements.
• Slag for Sandblast Material and Cement
Blend/Binder 35ktpa: Prices are influenced by
market demand for sustainable construction
materials. Volume forecasts consider the
production capacity and market demand for these
applications.
6. Basis for Forecast:
• Feasibility study for the period under review
• Forecasts are based on historical sales data,
market trends, customer demand, and production
capacity. Pricing is influenced by market conditions
and negotiation with buyers. Long-term contracts
and relationships with key customers contribute to
stable forecasts.
(iii) State and describe all economic criteria that • Info for the period 2024 - 2030
have been used for the study such as capital • Capital expenditure of R794m includes mining
and operating costs, exchange rates, plant and equipment, capitalised waste
revenue / price curves, royalties, cut-off development and rehabilitation, replacement
grades, reserve pay limits. capital and concentrate plant.
• Operating expenditure: Includes mining and
concentrate plant operating costs. Increases
annually for local-originating expenditure with 6%
RSA inflation (13% - Eskom electricity).
• Exchange rate (ZAR:USD) commence at R18.50 in
2024 and increases annually, based on purchase
power parity between US-inflation (2.8%) and RSA-
inflation (6%).
• Revenue is linked in forecast LME copper price of
USD9,000 per tonne and increase annually based
on US-inflation rate (2.8%).
• Mineral royalties of 5% of sales were applied.
• Average processed grade: 1.8%
(iv) Summary description, source and Revenue is calculated with reference to assumed LME
confidence of method used to estimate the (London Metal Exchange) spot rate of US$ 9,000
commodity price/value profiles used for cut- (gross) per copper tonne at project inception. Gross
off grade calculation, economic analysis and LME Rates applied are adjusted annually with US-
project valuation, including applicable taxes, inflation rate of 2.8% and is conservatively well within
inflation indices, discount rate and exchange the forecast below publication by Goldman Sachs:
rates.
"LME forecast for Grade A copper cathode is expected
to trade between current levels $9000 and $11
000/tonne until the middle of 2025, when prices are
expected to soften and trade in a tighter range
between $10 000 and $ 10 500/tonne as cheaper new
supply comes online out of India and China toward the
end of the decade". (Source: Goldman Sachs).
Extraction of ore reserves is projected to contribute to
a 5.7-year period with an output of RoM 33.4 ktpm at
1.39% copper contained. Subsequently, the RoM
tonnage will undergo a sorting classification process,
resulting in 25.8 ktpm at 1.80% Copper contained.
Economic analysis:
A discounted cash flow model was created for the
period 2024-2030.
Future cash flows were calculated and discounted to
present value at a weighted average cost of capital of
17.8%.
Inflation for RSA-originated expenses is increased
annually with 6% (13% for Eskom energy) and foreign-
originated expenses are increased annually at US-
inflation of 2.8%.
Exchange rate (ZAR:USD) commence at R18.50 in 2024
and increases annually, based on purchase power
parity between US-inflation (2.8%) and RSA-inflation
(6%).
Corporate taxation of 27% was provided for in the
financial model.
(v) Present the details of the point of reference The primary point of reference for reporting Mineral
for the tonnages and grades reported as Reserves, specifically regarding tonnages and grades, is
Mineral Reserves (e.g. material delivered to the ROM stockpile, crushing, and screening pad
the processing facility or saleable located at the centralised Nababeep plant operation.
product(s)). It is important that, in any This information aligns with the details provided in the
situation where the reference point is CPA report titled "JSE AltX Technical Report" published
different, a clarifying statement is included in 2022 by Dr. Deon Vermaakt and the Technical
to ensure that the reader is fully informed Feasibility Study named the "Rietberg Viability Report,"
as to what is being reported. which was published in 2023 by qualified authors. It's
crucial to note that these reports establish the basis
for the reported Mineral Reserves.
In situations where the point of reference differs from
the mentioned ROM stockpile and processing area, a
clarifying statement will be included in the reporting to
ensure that readers are fully informed about what is
being presented. The intention is to provide
transparency and accuracy in conveying the source of
tonnages and grades in the Mineral Reserves.
Furthermore, with respect to off-take agreements,
negotiations are underway, and it is planned that the
collected Cu concentrate will be at the gate. This
signifies a clear understanding of the collection point
for the copper concentrate, contributing to the overall
transparency and reliability of the reported Mineral
Reserves data.
(vi) Justify assumptions made concerning The product sold is copper concentrate.
production cost including transportation,
treatment, penalties, exchange rates, Revenue is projected based on forecast LME Copper
marketing and other costs. Provide details price, starting at US$ 9,000 per tonne. Forecast LME
of allowances that are made for the content Copper price is increased annually with US-inflation
of deleterious elements and the cost of rate of 2.8%.
penalties.
The exchange rate applied at commencement is
R18.50 (ZAR:USD). The exchange rate is adjusted
annually by applying purchase power parity (US-
inflation (2.8%): RSA-inflation (6%)).
Gross revenue is adjusted with a total of 18.8% to
cater for export trading margin, penalty discount
percentage and tolling margin.
(vii) Provide details of allowances made for Provision was made for private royalties of 1.5% and
royalties payable, both to Government and government royalties of 5% of revenue.
private.
(viii) State type, extent and condition of plant All plant and equipment are not yet currently in
and equipment that is significant to the operation. The categories of plant and equipment are:
existing operation(s).
• Mining fleet vehicles (new or refurbished)
• Mining infrastructure (including water reticulation,
roads, buildings, and utilities) (new)
• Crushing equipment (new)
• Generators (new)
• Concentrate plant (new)
(ix) Provide details of all environmental, social The following costs were provided for:
and labour costs considered
• Environmental rehabilitation costs
• Water use licenses and other environmental
consultation costs
• All costs in terms of the Social and Labour Plan
5.7 Risk Analysis (i) Report an assessment of technical, Uncertainty abounds, 18 principal uncertainties
environmental, social, economic, political identified among hundreds or possible thousands of
and other key risks to the project. Describe risks that may or may not impact on the successful
actions that will be taken to mitigate and/or development and mining of the Rietberg mine. The
manage the identified risks. primary uncertainties are ranked via a process of
combining similar or discounting others as superfluous
for this level of debate.
Each uncertainty is then categorised under the
following to provided context, Political, Economic,
Social, Technical, Legal or Environmental (PESTLE).
Ranking of each uncertainty on a scale of 1 – 10 on a
chart reflecting their Impact vs Predictability
5.8 Economic (i) At the relevant level (Scoping Study, Pre- Financial modelling was based on on-going Life of
Analysis feasibility, Feasibility or on-going Life-of Mine.
Mine), provide an economic analysis for the
project that includes:
(ii) Cash Flow forecast on an annual basis using Cash flow forecast prepared - based on annual
Mineral Reserves or an annual production production schedule prepared from surveyed
schedule for the life of the project inventory and computer modelled mine plan.
(iii) A discussion of net present value (NPV), Net Present Value calculated at R344 million
internal rate of return (IRR) and payback
period of capital IRR calculated at 34.5%.
Payback period calculated at 37 months
(iv) Sensitivity or other analysis using variants in Range of sensitivity analyses performed on the
commodity price, grade, capital and following variables:
operating costs, or other significant • LME Copper price
parameters, as appropriate and discuss the • ZAR:USD exchange rate
impact of the results. • Sales volume
• Inflation: RSA and USA
• Operating expenditure and Capital expenditure
The Net Present Value result is most sensitive to the
following variables:
• LME Copper price
• Sales volume
• Exchange rate
Section 6: Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Reserves
6.1 Estimation and (i) Describe the Mineral Resource estimate The resource estimate used as basis as described in
modelling used as a basis for the conversion to a section 4.2
techniques Mineral Reserve.
(ii) Report the Mineral Reserve Statement with The mineral reserve statement consists primarily of
sufficient detail indicating if the mining is underground in-situ resource and historical blasted ore
open pit or underground plus the source left behind in the accessible ore draw points on various
and type of mineralisation, domain or ore underground levels.
body, surface dumps, stockpiles and all
other sources.
(iii) Provide a reconciliation reporting historic Parameters, assumptions and modifying factors are
reliability of the performance parameters, generally in line with known historical data.
assumptions and modifying factors including
a comparison with the previous Reserve
quantity and qualities, if available. Where
appropriate, report and comment on any
historic trends (e.g. global bias)
6.2 Classification (i) Describe and justify criteria and methods Based on the technical feasibility, mine plan and
Criteria used as the basis for the classification of the scheduling portions of the Measured and Indicated
Mineral Reserves into varying confidence declared resource were classified as Proven. Modifying
categories, based on the Mineral Resource factors (Section 5.1) as determined by the mining
category, and including consideration of the feasibility study were also applied.
confidence in all the modifying factors.
A smaller portion of the Measured and Indicated
resource was assigned to Probable, again taking into
consideration various mining limitations, and
modifying factors (Section 5.1) as well as accessibility.
6.3 Reporting (i) Discuss the proportion of Probable Mineral Most of the Probable reserve was derived from
Reserves, which have been derived from Measured resource. The classification as Probable is
Measured Mineral Resources (if any), primarily due to it only being accessible towards the
including the reason(s) therefore. end of life of mine.
(ii) Present details of for example open pit, Broken stock present within numerous underground
underground, residue stockpile, remnants, draw points is declared as reserve, these have been
tailings, and existing pillars or other sources estimated by various survey techniques and sampling
in respect of the Mineral Reserve statement as best as possible. These stocks are categorised as
probable. Crown pillars and so-called "skins" are
considered as measured resource for possible later
extraction.
(iii) Present the details of the defined reference The point of reference is the ROM stockpile, crushing
point for the Mineral Reserves. State where and screening pad at the centralised Nababeep plant
the reference point is the point where the operation.
run of mine material is delivered to the
processing plant. It is important that, in all Secondary crushing, screening, and mixing will take
situations where the reference point is place before delivering to the plants.
different, such as for a saleable product, a
clarifying statement is included to ensure
that the reader is fully informed as to what
is being reported. State clearly whether the
tonnages and grades reported for Mineral
Reserves are in respect of material delivered
to the plant or after recovery.
(iv) Present a reconciliation with the previous No other reserve estimates are available for
Mineral Reserve estimates. Where reconciliation and comparison.
appropriate, report and comment on any
historic trends (e.g. global bias). Reportedly, 5.5Mt at 1.26% Cu ore was extracted and
milled from Rietberg Mine.
(v) Only Measured and Indicated Mineral Of the declared Measured and Indicated resource, 50%
Resources can be considered for inclusion in were converted and included in the reserves.
the Mineral Reserve.
(vi) State whether the Mineral Resources are Reported resources (this document) are exclusive of
inclusive or exclusive of Mineral Reserves. mineral reserves.
Section 7: Audits and Reviews
7.1 Audits and (i) State type of review/audit (e.g. To date, no external audits and reviews were done. All
Reviews independent, external), area (e.g. technical and feasibility reports are available either
laboratory, drilling, data, environmental online or at the company.
compliance etc), date and name of the
reviewer(s) together with their recognized
professional qualifications.
(ii) Disclose the conclusions of relevant audits None.
or reviews. Note where significant
deficiencies and remedial actions are
required.
Section 8: Other Relevant Information
8.1 (i) Discuss all other relevant and material None or not applicable.
information not discussed elsewhere.
Section 9: Qualification of Competent Person(s) and other key technical staff. Date and Signature Page
9.1 (i) State the full name, registration number and CPRs & Category Prof Reg No.
name of the professional body or RPO, for Technical Body
Deon Tobias Resource &
all the Competent Person(s). State the SACNASP 400020/00
Vermaakt Reserve
relevant experience of the Competent Mine
Sergio Jones ECSA 2023206819
Person(s) and other key technical staff who Planning
prepared and are responsible for the Public Gordon Thompson Mining ECSA 200890039
Report. Ferdinand Nel Finance SAICA
08181652
Jacolien Wyethe Processing UP 8834660
(ii) State the Competent Person's relationship All CPRs and technical persons as listed above are
to the issuer of the report. employed by Copper 360 and/or its affiliated
companies.
(iii) Provide the Certificate of the Competent Certificates available on request.
Person (Appendix 2), including the date of
sign-off and the effective date, in the Public
Report.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Any forward-looking statements contained in this announcement have not been reviewed or reported on by the Company's
external auditors.
Stellenbosch
7 August 2024
Designated advisor: Bridge Capital Advisors Proprietary Limited
Date: 07-08-2024 09:51:00
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